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Windshield Washer Fluid

Articles

There have been a lot of heated discussions regarding the effectiveness and composition of windshield washer fluid since it first appeared foruse in modern automobiles.  The reason is that the fluids differ according to their composition, price, color, smell, and the operating temperature limits.  Washer liquid, based on methyl alcohol, is very harmful and may even cause death.  It is necessary to see the difference among the washer fluids in order to buy a proper one.

Why Doesn’t the Windshield Washer Liquid Freeze?

The washer fluids are manufactured on the basis of monobasic alcohols, which freeze at minus 90 ºС / minus 130 ºF, though there is no such temperature in climatic zones of the Earth.  It is possible therefore, to dilute alcohol with water in order to reduce costs while still preserving the performance characteristics of washer fluids.  It is the level of alcohol concentration that determines the operating temperature limits.  The operating temperature limits are usually specified on the label and directly affect the price of the product: Usually, the lower the operating temperature, the higher the price.

In What Ways Do Different Types of Alcohols Affect Human Health?

The monobasic alcohols known as ‘ethyl alcohol‘, ‘methyl alcohol‘, and ‘isopropyl alcohol‘ are usually used as basic components of windshield washer fluids.  Many chemists state that methyl alcohol possesses good cleaning properties and has the lowest freezing temperature, but, at the same time it is considered to be very poisonous.  The maximum permissible air concentration of methanol is no more than 1 mg / m³.

It stands to reason that nobody uses pure methanol to wash the windscreens of cars.  Only a small concentration of methanol therefore is required to prepare the washer fluids since its freezing temperature is the lowest out of all the monobasic alcohols.   For example, to obtain a product with a freezing temperature of minus 30 ºС / minus 22 ºF, it will require a mixture of approximately 30% of methanol, 40% of ethanol and 70% of isopropyl alcohol.  As you can see, the methanol mixture  requires the least amountof alcohol to acheive goos low temerature results.

Other Components of Washer Fluid Composition

More often, non-freezing fluids, offered in the auto shops,  are made on the basis of isopropyl alcohol.  Additionally, the washer fluids contain water, aromatizers, dyes, and cleaning and surface-active agents.  It is the surface-active agents that clean windscreens by removing dirt and prevent rubber seals from swelling.

How to Choose the Correct Windshield Washer Fluid?

While choosing non-freezing washer fluids, the drivers should pay attention to their operating temperature limits.   The quality of washer fluid is very important in winter time,  as it gets dark early and dirty splashes, blown up from cars and trucks, obscure your vision.  When choosing the correct washer fluid, it is necessary to pay attention to whether the fluid freezes after it is sprayed.   A high-quality fluid is considered to preserve its cleaning properties even at minus 40 ºC / minus 40 ºF and to be streak-free.  Additionally, a good washer fluid does not affect the rubber, which is a part of windshield wipers.

In the market there can be found washer fluids with operating temperature limits of minus 20-25 Cº / minus 4 or minus 13 Fº.

Windshield Washer Fluid Equipment

Roughly speaking, windshield washer fluids are considered to be fast-moving items because of their mass consumption.   An increased demand for a product derives a wide range of new proposals.

It is therefore, possible to start up a highly-profitable business by producing windshield washer fluids.  But, to implement this idea in life, the companies have to think about the production equipment.

The equipment for the washer fluids production includes:

(1) the container for components;

(2) the storage tank for the finished product;

(3) the USB unit for metering and blending of components; and

(4) pipes and hoses.

If you decide to use the USB units to produce washer fluids, you will have all the chances to become an industry leader in the manufacture and sale of windshield washer fluid.

How to Increase the Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel?

Fuel blending, Uncategorized, ,

Such additives as nitro compounds or synthins are added to diesel fuel to increase its cetane number.  In practical terms, the special equipment in the USB line is used to inject additives and obtain homogenized fuels.  They are considered to be an integral part of the production process when increasing the cetane number by a described method.

The combustion of diesel fuels is affected by the design of the equipment and its operational principles.  The combustion chamber should be designed in such a way that it will benefit the vortex formation (when the air is compressed) that allows for the reduction of fuel heating.   It is desirable to use cast iron pistons, as they have a lower thermal conductivity that reduces the combustion distance (the air and fuel are heated actively).

The fractional composition of fuel is needed while assessing the quality of diesel. This composition may be defined by the flash temperature or in the same way as fuel composition.

How to Define the Cetane Number?

Fuel blending,

A test engine is used to measure the cetane number of diesel fuel.  When using other mehods of measurig the cetane number, the result will depend on the diesel fuel composition.  The motor method provides the exact results for the fuels with any fractional composition.  The various express analyzers require the recalibration when changing from one type of oil product to another, which is very difficult and time consuming.

In general, three approaches are used to identify an accurate value of the cetane number: (1) flare coincidence; (2) ignition lag; and (3) the critical rate of compression.  The ‘method of flare coincidence has gained a widespread acceptance.  It is realized by such types of equipment as IT9-3, It9-3M, or ITD-69 which have single-cycle four stroke engines.  When testing, the shaft speed should be maintained at the level of 900±10 revolutions per minute (rpm).

The cetane number of diesel fuel is largely determined by the hydrocarbon composition.  The cetane number of the benzene hydrocarbons is the  lowest while that of the paraffin hydrocarbons is the highest.

The Cetane Number

Fuel blending

The cetane number is one of the most important performance characteristics of diesel fuels which indicates the ignition lag of blended diesel fuel.  The higher the cetane number is, the faster the fuel will ignite and the more completely it will burn.

Standard diesel engines operate on diesel fuels with a cetane number ranging from 40 to 55 units.  The reduction of the cetane number usually results in ignition lag.   As a result, the pressure in the combustion chamber is growing faster, and the wear rate of engine will be increased.  The cetane number of the standard types of fuel is between 40-45 units.  While that of high-quality fuel is between 45-50 units. High-quality diesel fuel (premium) is light and contains more flammable factions.  It is therefore, desirable to use such fule to start cold engines.  Additionally, the premium fuel emits less smoke while combusted.  It is due to the increased ratio of hydrogen to carbon in light factions.

The increased cetane number (more than 60 units) results in a range of negative factors such as: (1) the combustion efficiency is reduced; and (2) fuel consumption and smokiness are increased.
In part, the cetane number is defined by the amount of such components as paraffins, naphthenes, and olefins.  The paraffins are considered to be a desirable component of oil product due to such performance characteristic as self-ignition in cold weather.

Fuel and oil additives

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Additives, especially cleaning additives and ones of unknown makes, are not to be overdone in winter. A cleaning additives can dislodge all sediment from the tanks and fuel line and cause fuel pump contamination. The filter might not be able to protect the pump. The result is usually costly repairs of the pump and/or the engine. A good thing to have in winter is anti-gel. Add it to fuel as instructed in the manual and all the way to fuel cloud point, after which the additive loses its efficiency, although good diesel fuel should not form too much gel at moderate low temperatures (about -10… -15°С). It is best not to fill the tank full with fuel of known or doubtful fuel, the optimum being 10 – 15 liters, which is enough for 200 – 400 km, so as to expend the low quality fuel faster.

A recommended additive is REDEX molybdenum additive. First, the molybdenum compounds in this additive create a thin molecular protective layer on friction parts in the motor, reducing wear and friction. Second, these compounds heal micro cracks and tiny surface dents. It lasts long, i.e. the protective layer is not washed away when oil is changed. In practice this additive manifests itself by significant noise reduction of the motor and better fuel economy.

It is also advisable to occasionally add some of the so called conditioners, i.e. additives improving fuel performance. Producers usually claim their product has magical qualities, such as water binding, cetane number increase, fuel consumption reduction etc.

Try to get all additives and fuel from one company. Although generally compatible, mixing additives from different manufacturers is not a good idea. Neither are experiments with additives to increase compression when ring change is in order. It is impossible to really help the engine, while damaging it is quite so.

Cleaning Diesel Fuel Through “Hydrotreating”

Fuel cleaning

To date, the undesirable characteristics of diesel fuels have largely been dictated by environmental considerations.  The European Community pays special attention to environmental issues and regularly tightens the emissions limitations and the chemical composition of diesel fuels.

Since January 2005, diesel fuel producers in Europe have been subject to the requirements of “Euro 4.”  It is a legislative regulation that limits the sulfur content of diesel fuel to a ratio of no more than 50 parts per million (PPM).  Just four years later in 2009, the diesel fuel requirements were strengthened again with the passage of Euro 5.  According to Euro 5, the mass fraction of sulfur in diesel fuel can not exceed 10 PPM.  The new regulations also limited the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to only 2%.  Over time, the European Union plans to tighten the requirements of the 95% point of distillation ( “volume recovered”) to between 340 and 350ºS and to improve the cetane number up to between 54 and 58 units.  Currently, cetane ratings are normally range between 48 and 49.  Fuels that meet these specified requirements are now available in Sweden, the UK, Finland and Germany.

Removing Sulfur compounds from diesel fuel is much more difficult than removing them from gasoline because they are less reactive in the diesel fuels.  Hydrotreating is used to provide the desired level of sulfur and performance for diesel fuels.

To achieve “ultra-low” sulfur fuel (at <15 ppm) it is hydrotreated at a weight of 9-10 Mpa and at a temperature of  between 315º and 400 ºC.  Hydrogen utilization in this process will be very high and the speed of the oil on the cobalt-molybdenum impetuses will be low

After processing, the finished product will obtain the following characteristics:

  • weight yield – 97%;
  • hydrocarbon gas – 0.7%;
  • gasoline – 1.5%;
  • sulfide – 2.5%.

There is a shortage of equipment for hydrotreating diesel fuels.  GlobeCore produces and distributes the GlobeCore UVR-450/6 which is perfectly suited to clear up and reduce the sulpur content of diesel fuels.  Additionally, the UVR-450/6 is utilized for warming oil, gas, lamp oil, and gas condensates.  It can recover transformer oil, turbine oil and other industrial oils.

The operation of the UVR-450/6 does not require the constant monitoring by the operator.  It can work in automatic programmed and self-loader modes.  The Operator is only required to begin the process, stop the process, and to supplant the sorbent when needed.

The UVR-450/6  requires a reduced amount of energy to operate and is the most cost effective diesel fuel processing system on the market today.

Synthetic Blend Oil

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Opening of organic synthesis process, combination of key products for production of almost unlimited set of sorts of plastic, microfilms, synthetic fabrics and liquids became one of the changed patterns of our century inventions. Development of synthetic oil became one of by-products of these processes. For getting synthetic lubricant oils, operable temperatures in a wide interval, and also high-temperature heat carriers, hydraulic and cooling liquids air of silicon acids and different components successfully are used. These connections possess properties very valuable to lubricants. For them low volatility, resistance to action of high temperatures, a sunlight and radioactive radiation’, excellent viscous and temperature and insulate properties are characteristic. For high firmness of the final product synthetic blend oil system are used.

Enterprises developed auto chemical goods of the component in oils which are capable to improve high-temperature properties of oily wedge. Components which made on the basis of Teflon and a molybdenum disulfide twice improve temperature of a withstood oily wedge, for 50% poly-alpha olefins of synthetic oils by input improve an appropriate index using synthetic blend oil system. Components which has graphite basis by 4 times, and on the basis of ceramics by 10 times lift top temperature of an oily wedge for synthetic oils. Thus properties of the oil practically don’t change and packets of additives don’t clash with component composition. Structure of oil additives: clearing additives – washes; additives for increase in viscosity of the oil lost from maintenance; additives for elimination of leaks in oily system, antifriction components: on the basis of the liquid dispersion, changing operation of lubricant interface. For high firmness of the final product synthetic blend oil systems are used.

Such components require the correct input technology to a principal component of oil. For such purposes the GlobeCore Company is engaged in production synthetic blend oil system “USB”. Basic purpose of synthetic blend oil system “USB” of our installations is the intensification of dispersion processes, homogenization and emulsification different components which could not be mixed not compatible liquids and suspensions which in the result after processing will form the steady fine compound. Final product has stability to the long uniform storage life and is steady against foliation.

Synthetic Blend Motor Oil

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Engine oils consist of basic oil and additives. Quality of oil is set on a chemical composition of a basis and additives which serve for change of basic oil properties and are capable to improve considerably engine oil, despite quality of a basis. For this purpose additives shall be applied by quality process  and correct technology, in foliation avoidance by using of synthetic blend motor oil system.

Mineral components which pass different stages of hydroprocessing, and also by the partial or full substitution of mineral components by the synthetic  included in basis of basic oils. The greatest advantages all of them bases ester possess. Molecules at ester possess a polarity, that is they are attracted to metal. The second interesting property that it is possible to adjust viscosity of ester in the process of production of basic oil, it will be depends from kind of alcohol that is used. It is possible to increase a viscosity by applying  heavy alcohols to oil. By production of ester it is possible to apply also additives for concoction, again using synthetic blend motor oil system which helps to keep a technology.

Additives improve properties of oils and overall performance of the engine: increase of details wear resistance and even restoration of their original sizes, fuel consumption and oil lowering, reduction of toxicity of the fulfilled gases, increase in run before oil change, compression increase. There are possible to offer components in suspensions which contain the smallest particles of solid lubricants (graphite, a molybdenum disulfide), rubbing details forming on a surface, the thin layers hindering contact of metal with metal, and also fluorine and chlorine connections.

Synthetic blend motor oil system “USB” is intended for mixing from two to five separate components and dilution of any liquids in a flow, and also engine oil with additives and other components. In the hydrodynamic adder of synthetic blend motor oil system the mixing process allowing at the same time to give all components in the given prescription ratio in the common mixing collector and final product moves to tank . Advantages of such technology are exact monitoring of dispensing of each component, the considerable abbreviation of duration of a mixing cycle and a failure from use of mixing capacities for support of homogenization of a ready-made product.

Liquid Dispersing

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Dispersion is a process when small parts of one substance are distributed  in thin liquid of another substance, without being dissolved in it. Such liquid call dispersing. In dispersion it is thin parts of substance is distributed in liquid part over time is depositing, and there comes the partial foliation. Therefore components of dispersion should be passed through GlobeCore liquid dispersing blending system “USB” to foliation avoiding.

Dispersion as the term envelops the wide range of products such as blackened, pastes, creams, liquid creams,  white suspensions, black, colored, emulsified, organic, inorganic, polymeric, with components, without components, on the basis of the melted substances, on a water basis, on the basis of polar solvents or on the basis of unpolar solvents of composition of substance. The real dispersion includes, at least, one solid phase and, at least, one liquid or similar liquids a phase where liquid or similar liquids a phase show viscosity.

As a rule production of dispersions is carried out by means of liquid dispersing blending systems “USB” manufactured by GlobeCore. Before production of dispersion it is necessary to choose quantity and quality of components which provides receiving the correct dispersion according to application and technical specefications which show the viscosity.

USB

Today more than in 70 countries of the world realize manufacture and production of dispersions on the basis of different commodity components, for example: food, chemical, energy saving goods. Liquid dispersing blending systems USB systems (all modifications) are very easy to operate, easily mounted, occupy a minimum space and appear as integral complete object upon which purchase the customer receives a complete set of documentation and certificates.

Fuel Consumption

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In present time fuel customers get offered a row of perfect products for fuel consumption enhancement, processes of fuel combustion, both in petrol engines for cars, and to the diesel.

All additives to fuels are harmless to the car and serve as protection against the low-quality fuel which has got to a tank and will increase saving. They will secure and will burn any fuel and if fuel is a standard, then because of the combustion completeness will increase a power, decrease fuel consumption and harm of exhaust gases. Additives will increase service life of spark plugs, turbines, and the catalytic agent of exhaust gases, will prolong service life of elements of final system. The use of standard fuel in the normal car doesn’t lead to unwanted consequences, but fuel use with additives will lower vehicle owner expenses. The preparation of such fuel is carried out by means of special technologies, for example using of the modern hydrodynamic blending systems like “USB” and special fuel additives. As a rule, additives differ by the functional purpose. These are depressor, antiwear, anti-smoky, washing, anti-oxidizing, dispersive, the corrosion inhibitors promoters of burning reducing fuel consumption and many other. Also at any fuel there are the additives improving it anti-detonation properties. It is octane which is rising for gasoline, and increases its resistance to inflaming in case of fuel compression in the combustion chamber. It is necessary to stimulate ability of a fuel compound to ignite in case of compression in the diesel engine. For this purpose the cetane additive is raising cetane number of diesel fuel.

Speaking about the modern fuel generally, which is made from crude oil products, it will be wrong do not to remind about one of delightful alternative – the biodiesel and bioethanol. Biodiesel is a product of interesterification received from any vegetable oils and animal fats. Bioethanol is a product of fermention process of corn, wheat, a rye, etc. Biodiesel is used as independently, and in a compound with the normal diesel with normal internal combustion engines reducing (diesel) fuel consumption, without modification of engine construction. Bioethanol is also used in a compound with gasoline, and independently thereby reducing fuel consumption.

Blending system “USB” brand of the GlobeCore Blending trademark intended for mixing from two to five separate components, in particular low-octane gasoline with additives components VKD and other components. Feature of offered blending system is  applying an injection method and hydrodynamic shock which is raise octane (cetane) number of fuel without aliquation of final product within more than 180 days, (is guaranteed).