All posts by dannik

Production of Windscreen improves visibility for business

Detergents for washing the windscreen are essential for all motorists, protect the glass from dust and dirt, as well as snow and ice in the winter time. The resistance to cold temperature makes windscreen washing liquids similar to antifreeze.

Detergent liquids can be produced using various methods. The composition of all products is basically similar in most cases.

Windscreen washing liquids are usually based on ethyl or isopropyl alhohol. Using methyl alcohol in these products is prohibited. Beside alcohol, the product contains water, surfactants, corrosion inhibitors, flavors and dyes.

This composition ensures that the there are no sags and residue on the glass, the detergents do not interact with the paint of the vehicle and rubber (wiper brushes, glass seals) and are not hazardous to humans and animals.

Beside compliance with the company’s internal quality standards, windscreen wash production must comply with a number of industry and international standards.

The business of windscreen wash production has several advantages: this product is always in demand due to the constant growth of the number of automobiles, simplicity of business set up (no licensing required) and production, relatively low cost and availability of raw materials and basic equipment.

The equipment for production of windscreen wash liquids is quite versatile. Mobile liquid blending systems, suitable to produce many types of vehicle related liquids, are often used.

High production rates of such equipment is limited only by the facility’s capacity. A quick buy off period compensates a significant part of the cost with the sale of even the first batch of the product.

The equipment for windscreen wash production allow to develop new modern recipes for the market and to increase the competitiveness of the business.

Down with the Middle Ages – the leap to the production of liquid stone

Liquid stone, a popular material in the modern construction industry, is not at all similar to natural stone. This term refers to coating of such surfaces as wood chipboards. Liquid stone is a mix of polymer resin and various additives.

To meet the demands of the clients, construction companies must be flexible in terms of new construction trends. And the company must still make a profit, instead of bearing losses after purchasing new materials, technologies and formulations. That is why companies use more versatile materials and equipment.

Ideas for construction start-ups are abundant.

Liquid stone is used for coating of buildings, concrete fences, pavement tiles, window sills etc. This material is much lighter than natural stone, flexible and simple in use; it is easy to attach to the wall coatings. One of the biggest advantages of the liquid stone is the price, which is a lot lower than that of natural finishing materials.

The technology of liquid stone production involves pulverization and later polishing special mixes onto the surface. Liquid stone is a mix which reacts with water or a certain material and forms a liquid flexible material. After setting, the material is similar in structure to natural stone.

Since this component is liquid, the blends can be produced using advanced blending equipment. This allows to perfect the formulation of the material, accelerate the production process, eliminate the costs of purchasing this material etc.

By purchasing liquid blending equipment, a business can meet several technological demands, including improvement of liquid stone production.

The equipment quickly pays for itself, which, along with precise and economical mixing of liquid stop components, increases the profits of the company.

Production of liquid stone at one’s own facilities allows to increase the spectrum of services offered.

Liquid blending equipment allows to calculate and implement new recipes of liquid stone production, products with many colors, hues and performance characteristics.

Not about the smell – mixing liquids for deodorants

One of the more popular products rapidly gaining consumer recognition are deodorants and air fresheners.

The new trend compels the development of producing this novel product for good smelling.

Beside the ethical questions of the what is good and pleasure smell, there is a new issue of competition and developing a product to interest the end clients.

Not to mention that businesses must care for their profits. Therefore, the process of mixing liquids for electronic cigarettes must be considered from the point of investment and profits.

Deodorants and air fresheners mix production lines are based on special unique equipment. Recently, GlobeCore introduced USB type liquid blending systems into the market. This versatile system was originally developed for the fuel and oil industry, but can be used to mix any liquids, from multi-component fuels to soft drinks.

Semi-automated and compact, the USB units do not require any special adjustments or any additional personnel training. Using these systems allows advantages in the development of new electronic cigarette liquid mix and offers the producer opportunities to develop the business as a reputable manufacturer.

The general composition of deodorant perspirant liquid is as follows: aluminum compounds, cyclomethicone, antibacterial ingredients like Triclosan, humectant propylene glycol, triethanolamine, diethanolamine and flavors.

The USB blending units ensure precise portioning of ingredients, maintaining the recipe and composition of the product.

Since flavors are important to the client’s preferences and tastes, precise portioning and mixing ensures market advantages of the product.

The universal combinations like by many clients, such as cherry, lemon, coffee, vanilla, apple, mint and menthol, or various alcohol beverage flavors can be corrected by using the software of the USB device to make a new type of electronic cigarette liquid.

By combining recipes of deodorant liquids, a producer may achieve a new formulations which may become popular with clients.

Using the USB blenders to produce deodorant liquid improves production rate allows the company to proudly state that their product is made using high precision modern equipment.

Production of liquid nitrogen on the Earth

The USB type liquid blending unit is a bright example of a new generation technology, such as often spoken about in the media. The main advantage of the unit, placing it among the well known and beneficial inventions, is its versatility and the ability to perform many functions, run many processes and a customized approach to saving, recalculating and creating new product recipes and formulations.

Among the blends which can be made with the USB type unit are not only blended fuels. The unit can be used for production of shampoo, soap, antifreeze, detergent liquids, construction mixes, beverages, paints and various liquid cosmetics.

Often the design of a new piece of equipment implements function which later become the key to production of specific products bringing profit to the operator. For instance, the liquid blending unit can be programmed to make liquid nitrogen.

Liquid nitrogen is rather safe and non-hazardous. Its boiling point is about -195°C. This clear liquid is in high demand in many industries: from deep freezing of various materials, fire extinguishing, cooling, cryogenic cutting to conservation of cells, organs and tissues.

The high demand for liquid nitrogen makes it production more and more profitable. Mobile liquid blending systems are quite instrumental in the process.

The use of liquid blending systems with highly precise portioning, powerful pumps, multistage filtration and control systems as well as a modern programming system is to support the development of the business.

Software for the liquid nitrogen production units is still the main advantage of such equipment due to the capability to perform many functions, required to maintain the process cycle: keeping all settings, controlling all process paramters (temperature, pressure, gas inlet and outlet flow rate), displaying of all process parameters on screen, allowing to develop new formulations based on all the information saved in the memory of the unit etc.

The modern world offers many ways to develop business and turns what yesterday was props for science fiction movies into indispensable parts pf today’s industry.

Should we consider all food harmful? Issues around the production of liquid smoke

It is no secret that food can be smoked using not only wood smoke. Some producers of smoked products still use this method, but most have turned to a different process.

Not so long ago, a new product came into the market: liquid smoke. The new product sparked heated debate. Producers claim the new product is safe and convenient, while doctors are raising alarm over possible harmful effects.

Meat, fish or sausages can be smoked using liquid smoke, simply by boiling them in water with a certain amount of liquid smoke added.

A similar smoking liquid first emerged in the beginning of the 19th century. After the patent was published in the 20th century, the liquid smoke product is used successfully with careful adherence to standards and maximum concentrations.

Smoking products with liquid smoke requires some expertise and certain equipment.

Production of liquid smoke does require certification, Although the debate regarding possible harmful effects is still raging, there are reasons to continuoue production of this substance.

The production process ensures there are no harmful carcinogenic substances in the product. While real smoke contains tar, liquid smoke is purified, and the end product contains no such materials. Besides, liquid smoke is mixed with water or a fat emulsion, while ash and tar do not mix with water and do not become part of the final composition of liquid smoke, leaving only the flavor.

Among the advantages of liquid smoke production one should consider the novelty of the product, a wide market share, both individual consumers and large producers, relatively low costs of starting the business and simple automation of the process.

Another pro factor may be the availability of special multifunctional equipment for mixing liquids, which allows to produce large amounts of the product fast. Low energy consumption of such equipment and its high production rate also ensure rapid return of investment.

Although until new research results are published (the research has been ongoing for years) and doctors recommend reducing consumption of products smoked using liquid smoke, the actual smoked products are, indeed, more tasty. While deciding what to produce, it should be noted that doctors are often more concerned about healthy diets rather than actual harm from a product. The ultimate decision is with the client.

Production of liquid glass – adhesive base for a successful business

Scientifically speaking, liquid glass is a water-alkali solution of sodium and potassium silicates. The formula, however, does not allow the uninitiated in chemistry or physics to readily understand where the produce can be used in daily life.

The issues of product differences and the choice of the best product are more interesting to the buyer (a businessman, a manufacturer etc) than to laboratory staff.

In their search the former often deal not only with understanding of the terminology (a manager or a director of a production company must know about his production processes), but to a larger degree with alternative use of materials, fuel and equipment, as well as diversification of supplies and the possibility to reduce costs.

Liquid glass is a widely accepted unique material which can be used in many areas due to its versatility. It is most widely used in construction, but not only. Liquid glass can be used for gluing and binding of various construction materials; improving water-resistance of foundations, since it suffers no ill effects from freezing; for production of fire and acid proof silicate products; for gluing of glass and chinaware, gluing and saturation of paper, cardboard; saturation of wood or fabric to make them denser and fire-proof; production of silicate paints; production of welding electrodes; floatation refining of ore; soap, fat, textile, paper production, engineering, metal casting; it can even be used to protect damaged trees.

On customer order, liquid glass producers can make the product with any number of properties and performance characteristics. For instance, the most known and used in the modern construction material market is the sodium liquid glass.

However, more and more manufacturers come to the idea of higher efficiency of keeping the production cycle entirely internal. This allows not only to save on certain costs but also to eliminate the dependence on suppliers and intermediaries and to solve the issue of quality.

A proven liquid component mixing technology, which conquered the market several years ago, with the qualification and experience of the specialists, allows for high quality production of liquid glass.

The buyers of equipment for liquid glass production to make it locally instead of purchasing externally, are both large companies and facilities and smaller producers of construction materials etc.

The production of liquid glass on a large scale is performed by solution of silicate blocks in autoclaves, stationary or rotary. A modern facility which uses relatively small amounts of liquid glass, can use liquid mixing units to make it. Solution of silica containing components in alkali allows to mix water and additives with such solution using this mixing equipment. Precise portioning and high production rate facilitate high quality production of liquid glass in the required proportion.

Using blending units allows to make liquid glass without the use of autoclaves, simplifying the process and reducing labor and energy costs.

Pure liquid glass is rarely used. So the blending units allow to make other component or finished product for construction material stores: base coats, waterproofing materials, glue, fireproofing solutions. The production of liquid glass is very rarely set up at specialized facilities which then become centralized suppliers of the product to consumers. Most of liquid glass is produced by facilities which use this component in their own processes.

Thermally Stabilized Oil Production

In most cases oil storage and heating is accompanied by occurrence of additional moisture.  Fuel oil containing water lead to disruption of combustion mode, contamination of heating surfaces, incomplete fuel burning, formations of unburned coke and  deposits of particles along the gas passage.  Furthermore, the use of such raw materials may cause flameouts and emergency stopping of the equipment.

The best solution, to avoid the negative effects listed above, is a preliminary preparation of fuel oil for combustion.  The essence of this approach is to provide a uniformly distributed fine fraction of moisture in fuel oil due to the destruction of quasicrystalline structures.

GlobeCore has developed USB plants for the production of water-fuel emulsions (including hydrostabilized fuel oil) from normal and degraded fuel oil, waste oil, diesel and furnace oil, crude oil and oil refinery waste.

Hydrostabilized fuel oil is synthetic fuel consisting of two liquids that are insoluble in each other.  It was hypothesized that burning of water-oil emulsion can improve quality parameters of combustion process as well as reduce the amount of toxic emissions.  To confirm this hypothesis, it was necessary to solve the following problems:

  • to determine technical and economic performance of boiler units M 100 using fuel oil and hydro stabilized fuel;
  • to determine the quantity of hydrocarbons, sulfur and nitrogen oxides emissions for each tested fuel type during operation at different loads.

The corresponding experiments were carried out for DE 16-14 GM boiler unit.

oil_production

Fig. 1 shows a diagram of measurement points for DE 16-14 GM  boiler when using fuel oil.

Fig. 1. DE 16-14 GM boiler measurement points diagram: 1 – fuel pressure in the pipeline, 2 – fuel pressure on the burner, 3 – fuel temperature, 4 – air pressure on the burner 5 – cold air temperature, 6 – air pressure downstream of the fan 7 – combustion chamber rarefaction, 8 – rarefaction downstream of the boiler 9 – flue-gas temperature downstream of the boiler, 10 – flue-gas analysis downstream of the boiler, 11 – rarefaction downstream of the economizer, 14 – outgoing gas temperature, 15 – outgoing gas analysis, 16 – water temperature upstream of the economizer, 17 – water temperature downstream of the economizer, 18 – boiler outlet steam pressure 19 – boiler outlet steam flow

The characteristics obtained as a result of the experiments are presented in the figures below.

graph-1

Fig. 2. DE 16-14 GM  steam boiler flow characteristics when using fuel oil and water-oil mixture: G – Specific steam production, Р – fuel oil pressure (water-oil mixture) upstream of the burner

graph-2

Fig. 3. Fuel consumption relation to the burner pressure

graph-3

Fig. 4. Fuel consumption relation to the boiler unit load

graph-5

Fig. 5. Heat losses and boiler unit efficiency: Qk – boiler unit heat load

Specific performance of standard and thermally stabilized fuel was also investigated.  The results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1

Specific performance of standard and thermally stabilized fuel

Load, Gcal/h 4.1 4.4 5.8 6.1 6.9 7.0 7.4 7.9
Fuel oil M-100 9.59 12.18 13.11 13.38
Hydrostabilized fuel 11.25 14.19 15.42 16.5

After analyzing the data obtained, we can make the following conclusions.  The use of hydrostabilized fuel, prepared with the help of GlobeCore USB plants, allows  to:

1) increase the economic efficiency of a boiler unit.  Hydrostabilized fuel oil is not only as good as conventional furnace fuel oil, but it outperforms it;

2) reduce the amount of pollutants:

  • nitrogen dioxide, by 23%;
  • sulfur dioxide, by 26%;
  • carbon monoxide, by 84%;
  • suspended solids, by 87%.

Moreover, the use of hydrostabilized fuel oil, produced with GlobeCore equipment, also allows to receive a number of additional benefits:

  1. increase the service life of boiler equipment;
  2. ensure reliable operation of a boiler when original fuel oil is watered;
  3. exclude settling and draining operations from your fuel preparation technology;
  4. reduce the intensity of low-temperature sulfuric acid corrosion of your equipment;
  5. use fuel oil of lower quality in order to generate heat.

USB hydrostabilized fuel oil preparation plants are successfully used by the representatives of heating and power complex – boiler houses, central heating stations, etc.

Independent production of antifreeze in the conditions of the domestic market

Antifreeze is a cooling liquid which protects motors from overheating.

Antifreeze, just as any other liquid, can be made using the USB blending units. Their versatility and quality of production make it possible to implement any technology and formulation to improve the process.

Production of antifreeze includes several stages. A concentrate is prepared, which consists of high quality ethylene-glycol and several additives. After many stages of concentrate purification it is diluted with clean water without contaminants. The antifreeze is then supplied to bottling through filters.

Using the USB units simplifies the process by running it on one piece of equipment. The USB is equipped with special portioning devices, filters, pumps and piping to supply components. Mixing proportion is set according to the formulation using the control panel. Besides, the USB is equipped with temperature sensors and a semi-automatic control system. The operator can fully control the process.

Antifreeze may contain more than 40 components. A balanced choice of additives is very important. The additives often include corrosion inhibitors, anti-foaming agents, stabilizers etc), which are accurately and precisely mixed with the liquid in the USB unit.

Generally, antifreeze coolant is a water solution of ethylene glycol, used to maintain normal temperature in internal combustion engines. It includes a number of special anti-foaming and anti-corrosion additives. They improve the operation of the cooling system; antifreeze is also used in various heat exchange equipment.

High quality USB type blending units allow any facility to satisfy its demand for coolants by own production independent of suppliers, conditions and prices.

Global Perspectives of Gasoline and Ethanol Consumption and Production

In recent years, the international community has been discussing the use of  alternative energy sources.  In the last century and now both oil and gas are still the main sources of energy and the issue of reducing the volume of their use should be addressed virtually in every country.

Experts predict that in 2016-2017 oil demand will grow slowly.  At the same time, the increase in demand for “black gold” will also promote the consumption of fuel ethanol as the most feasible alternative to crude oil.

Compared to 2015, in the coming years the world economy demand for oil  will increase by 1.8 million barrels per day and  will amount to 98.8 million barrels per day as a whole.  The United States which, for example, in 2015 consumed 19.4 million barrels of oil per day, stands out among the largest oil consumers in the world.

Fig. 1 shows the oil-products yield from one barrel of oil.

giagrama

Fig. 1.  The yield of various oil-products from one barrel of oil (data as of 2009)

In recent decades, the oil refining industry has witnessed significant structural and technological transformation. In particular, the total percentage of such processes as catalytic cracking, hydrocracking,  visbreaking thermal cracking, coking, catalytic reforming, alkylation and isomerization in the petroleum refining industry has grown to 50%. Simultaneously there has been a tightening of environmental regulations for motor fuels.  The following materials have been considered as the alternatives to traditional fuels:

  • reformulated gasolines.  These are oil-products with modified composition and characteristics, ensuring environmental safety;
  • unleaded high-octane gasolines;
  • alternative types of fuel (oxygenated gasolines, gasolines with ethanol).

It is well known that gasoline is one of the most qualified and expensive energy resource.  To get this oil-product, it is necessary to apply a set of processes of primary and secondary oil processing, as well as special additives.  This  produces gasolines corresponding modern requirements in their composition and quality.  To improve their environmental properties, it is recommended to add oxygenated ethers and ethanol to gasolines.  The most common additives are:

  • methyl tert- butyl ether (MTBE);
  • ethyl tert- butyl ether (ETBE);
  • ethanol;
  • methyl tert- amyl ether (MTBE).

In 2015, 1,000 million tons of gasoline was used worldwide.  The biggest consumer of this oil-product is the United States (about 40% of total consumption volume).  Asia and Pacific countries are running second to the US – 21.6% of world gasoline consumption volume (almost half of it is used by China and Japan).  The countries of Western and Eastern Europe consume 17%.  The largest increase in the dynamics of gasoline consumption was observed in China – 46.9%.

As at the beginning of 2015, there were registered 636 oil refining factories in the world with a total capacity of 4.63 billion tons of oil per year.

In recent years, European gasoline component composition was as follows: Fuel catalytic cracking  to produce gasoline – 30%, catalytic reforming for high octane gasoline – 50%, alkylated products – 5%, isomerization products – 8%, additives – 7%.

Experts point out that among the European manufacturers Germany has the most successful component composition of gasoline.

Today in Europe there is EN 228 standard, specify norms for ethanol mixtures.  According to EN228,  Euro 5 (European emission standard) for gasoline is: Aromatics (35%), Benzene (1%), Olefins (18%), Oxygen (3,7%), Sulphur (10.0 mg/kg).

The document is periodically reviewed for the content of ethanol in mixtures from E5 to E10.  From 2007, the E85 gasoline standard (benzene – 15% ethanol – 85%) began to officially operate in France and Austria, and from 2008 – in Germany.  Generally speaking, today about 40 countries already use E85 gasoline standard.  In addition to general standards, European Union countries also have internal standards for ethanol mixtures, corresponding in quality to general standards.

The following symbols are used to indicate bioethanol and mixed gasolines.  First comes letter E (for «ethanol»), and then a figure showing the percentage of ethanol in the fuel.  According to statistics, the most common mixtures are: E5, E10 and E85.  In some countries, particularly in Brazil, pure ethanol E100 is used.

There are 149 oil refining factories across the US with total capacity of 872 million tons, accounting for 20.5% of global oil refining.  The US gasoline blendstock is : catalytic cracking gasoline – 34%, reforming gasoline – 28%, alkylate – 12%, isomerate – 4%, additives – 15%, and others – 7%.

Table 1 shows the statistics of global gasoline consumption.

Global gasoline consumption (million tons)

Countries and continents

% of global consumption

2014

1

USA

39.6

385.9

2

Asia and Pacific

21.6

210.8

3

Western Europe

11.5

112.5

4

Central and South America

6.0

58.2

5

North America

5.4

52.8

6

Eastern Europe and CIS countries

5.4

52.8

7

Middle East

7.0

67.9

8

Africa

3.5

34.2

9

Total consumption

100

975.1

Fuel ethanol is the most capacious product that is added to gasoline.  In 2015 it global gasoline production amounted to 15.200 million gallons.  Today, there are 575 factories in the world, producing ethanol.  Their total capacity is 80.631 million tons.  Most often, ethanol is derived from sugarcane, corn, wheat, sugar beet, etc.

Consumption of ethanol fuel  in 2015 was 85 million tons, which is equivalent to annual consumption volume of such countries as the Netherlands and Poland combined.

Table 2 shows the average price of gasoline and fuel ethanol.

The price of gasoline and ethanol fuel as of January 15, 2016

Country

Price of one liter of gasoline, $

Price of one liter of ethanol

1

USA

1.98

1.86

2

Brazil

1.02

1.9

3

The European Union (Rotterdam)

1.75

1.81

Today the production of biofuels (including bioethanol) is connected with preserving the environment and a fight against global warming, which requires switching using oil and gas to alternative renewable types of fuel.

Homogenized Fuel Production

Homogenised fuel has better consumer properties, good combustion characteristics, improves efficient performance of the machine, does not carburise  motors or boilers, and causes less polluting emissions.  And, last but not least, as a result it saves itself.

What  makes homogenized fuel better than ordinary fuel?

In addition to hydrocarbons, the composition of conventional diesel fuel also includes water molecules, paraffins, organic sulfur compounds and mechanical impurities.  Most of the molecules in this case are in a bound state.  At ignition of fuel mixture, the combustion processes begins on the active side of molecules.  But in contact with  water  molecules the flow of combustion decelerates. Paraffins and sulfur do not completely combust.  As a result – the combustion slows down, which gives rise to toxic waste and causes coking/ carburization.

The more uniformly the fuel composition is dispersed, the more positive effects it achieves, such as:

  • breaking of polymer chains of organic fuel and generation of active sides of molecules.  Active sides enter into oxidation processes much faster and simultaneously;
  • breaking of molecular linkage to form free radicals that get inflamed better than closed molecules;
  • destruction of polymer chains of water into free ions H+ and OH-.  Such ions are more actively involved in combustion process and form unstable, easily oxidized compounds with free radicals of organic fuel;
  • sulfur and paraffins form surfactants that isolate emulsion microparticles and do not allow further clumping.

Emulsified mixtures combust evenly and are economically consumed.  They emit 2-3 times less harmful substances during combustion than conventional fuels.  Among the variety of technical equipment for fuel homogenization that is available on the market – the most effective are: cavitation emulsifiers, homogenizers, dispersants or cavitators – with cavitation processes being most cost effective and efficient.

To achieve the best effect, fuel mix should have a high level of dispersion, be homogeneous and not flake for a few months.  All of the listed effects are achieved with the use of GlobeCore USB hydrodynamic mixer with capacity  5 to 150 m3/h.

These devices obtain homogeneous fuel compositions that do not flake for a long time.

For example, cavitation effect converts black oil into homogeneous emulsion in which light and heavy fractions, bitumen and water particles are perfectly mixed.  This improves operation of burner nozzles.  As a result of this, nozzles are less coked/carburized; the amount of soot decreases and flame becomes uniform and does not pulsate.  The negative impact of water is neutralized completely.

Costly sorts of black oil can be replaced with low-grade ones while retaining all the physical-mechanical fuel characteristics (combustion heat, viscosity, etc.).

Application of USB hydrodynamic homogenizers/ blenders

GlobeCore USB hydrodynamic homogenizers restore and improve the properties of stale and watered black oil, produce light oil, achieve complete combustion of black oil in boilers and marine engines, obtain furnace fuel from sludge and completely clean the external walls of boiler collectors.  The overall savings with USB homogenizers amounts up to 20% when using black oil and 15% when using light fuel.

Homogenizers obtain different mixtures of dual fuel (DF): black oil and production waste, black oil and coal tar, coal-water fuel, biofuel.  They also prepare a variety of liquid waste for effective utilization at heat and power stations.

The use of homogenized fuels by consuming enterprises

Fuel property after treatment

Specific groups of consumers

Motor transport and railway companies (DF)

Diesel power stations (DF)

Boiler stations (black oil)

Improved consumptive qualities of fuel: Between season, homogenization helps for a smooth transition from summer to winter fuel without technical problems for an engine. With additives  adapting fuel for “winter” characteristics Utilize water-oil emulsions (stale black oils) with water content more than 50% and black oils with impurities.
*increased cetane number by 3-5 units. (DF)
*decreased  viscosity,
*reduced flash point,
*complete combustion of fuel
Cost savings From 3% to 10% It can reach more than 20% (with low-quality and mixed fuels)
Increased efficiency The volume of commercial work or the amount of electricity produced is increased by more than 3%
Increased engine durability Using homogenized fuel cleans engines and boilers from soot and tar deposits, and prevents subsequent carburizing
Environmentally friendly:  with reduced combustion  and toxicity Reduces the content of harmful substances in flue gases (CO, NOx, SOx – 2-fold, soot particles – 3-4-fold)